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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

215
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
215
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

231
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
231
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

321
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
321
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

134
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
134
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

177
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
177

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Expected vs Reported Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Cases in Persons with Active Tuberculosis - California, 2016-2020.

J Bradford Bertumen1, Lisa Pascopella, Emily Han

  • 1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Bertumen); California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California (Drs Bertumen and Pascopella, Mss Han and Glenn-Finer, Dr McElroy, Ms Stockman, and Dr Barry); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California (Dr Wong); Alameda County Public Health Department, San Leandro, California (Dr Chitnis); University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California (Dr Jaganath); and Los Angeles County Public Health Department, Los Angeles, California (Ms Jewell and Dr Gounder).

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|July 10, 2024
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Chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) infection may be underdiagnosed in tuberculosis (TB) patients in California. Routine surveillance is lacking, leading to a 23% lower detection rate than expected, especially among Asian individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Limited epidemiologic data exists for co-infection of active tuberculosis (TB) and chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV).
  • Routine surveillance for cHBV in TB patients is not standard practice, raising concerns about potential underdiagnosis in California.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and describe the demographic characteristics of individuals with cHBV infection among those diagnosed with active TB in California between 2016 and 2020.
  • To compare observed cHBV diagnoses in TB patients with expected rates based on demographic factors and geographic origin.

Main Methods:

  • Matched data from TB and cHBV registries in California for the period 2016-2020.
  • Calculated expected cHBV cases using published prevalence estimates for the birth locations of TB patients.
  • Analyzed demographic characteristics of individuals with co-infection.

Main Results:

  • Reported cHBV infections among TB patients were 23% lower than expected.
  • Underdiagnosis was particularly pronounced among Asian individuals, those residing in healthier areas (top two Healthy Places Index quartiles), and residents of less populated jurisdictions.
  • Significant disparities in cHBV detection were observed across demographic and geographic factors.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest a notable underdiagnosis of cHBV in individuals with active TB in California.
  • Enhanced surveillance and targeted screening for cHBV in TB patients are warranted, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Addressing diagnostic gaps is crucial for effective management of co-infections and improving public health outcomes.