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Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Published on: March 11, 2020

Next generation sequencing technologies for insect virus discovery.

Sijun Liu¹, Diveena Vijayendran, Bryony C Bonning

¹Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. sliu@iastate.edu

|November 10, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Discovering insect viruses, even those present in low amounts, is revolutionized by next-generation sequencing. This review covers traditional and modern methods for virus identification and genome assembly in insects and other organisms.

Keywords:

insect virus next generation sequencing small RNA transcriptome virus discovery

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

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Published on: March 11, 2020

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

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Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Entomology
Virology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Insects harbor numerous viruses, often causing asymptomatic or latent infections.
Traditional virus isolation methods lack sensitivity for detecting low-abundance viruses.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers enhanced capabilities for virus discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To review traditional and modern virus discovery methods in insects.
To outline bioinformatic approaches for viral sequence identification and genome assembly.
To discuss the implications of widespread insect viruses.

Main Methods:

Analysis of transcriptome and small RNA sequencing data.
De novo assembly of viral sequences.
Sequence identification using BLAST and other bioinformatics tools.
Generation of full-length viral genomes.

Main Results:

NGS technologies significantly improve the detection sensitivity for insect viruses.
Bioinformatic pipelines enable comprehensive viral sequence identification and genome reconstruction.
The described methods are applicable to diverse organisms beyond insects.

Conclusions:

Modern sequencing and bioinformatics are essential for comprehensive insect virus discovery.
Understanding virus ubiquity in insects is crucial for ecological and health assessments.
These methodologies advance viral diagnostics across various biological systems.