Coverage effects in the adsorption of H2 on Pd(100) studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations

The interaction of hydrogen with palladium surfaces represents one of the model systems for the study of the adsorption and absorption at metal surfaces. Theoretical gas-surface dynamics studies have usually concentrated on the adsorption dynamics on clean surfaces. Only recently it has become possible, based on advances in the electronic structure codes and improvements in the computer power, to address the much more complex problem of the adsorption dynamics on precovered surfaces. Here, I present ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations based on periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the adsorption of H(2) on hydrogen-precovered Pd(100) for a broad variety of different hydrogen coverage structures. The stability of the adsorbate structures and the adsorption dynamics are analyzed in detail. Calculated sticking probabilities are larger than expected for pure site-blocking consistent with experimental results. It turns out that the adsorption dynamics on the strongly corrugated surfaces depends sensitively on the dynamic response of the substrate atoms upon the impact of the impinging H(2) molecules. In addition, for some structures the adsorption probability was evaluated as a function of the kinetic energy. Adsorbate structures corresponding to the same coverage but with different arrangements of the adsorbed atoms can lead to a qualitatively different dependence of the adsorption probability on the kinetic energy changing also the order of the preferred structures, as far as the adsorption is concerned, as a function of the kinetic energy. This indicates that dynamical effects such as steering and dynamical trapping play an important role in the adsorption on these precovered substrates.