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Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Alterations in Respiration II

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Current diagnostic trends in sleep disordered breathing.

Joachim T Maurer¹

¹Sleep Disorders Centre, University Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Mannheim, Faculty for Clinical Medicine Mannheim at the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery

|November 11, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sophisticated diagnostics for sleep disordered breathing (SDB) show promise. While videoendoscopy under sedation and pressure recordings are valuable, further research is needed to confirm their surgical success rates.

Keywords:

Müller-Manoeuvre diagnostics multi-channel pressure recordings primary snoring sleep apnoea syndrome sleep disordered breathing videoendoscopy

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Published on: October 18, 2024

Area of Science:

Otorhinolaryngology
Sleep Medicine
Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) diagnosis has evolved over two decades.
Sophisticated upper airway diagnostics are crucial for SDB management.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of advanced diagnostic methods for SDB.
To assess the role of videoendoscopy and pharyngeal pressure recordings in SDB assessment.

Main Methods:

Videoendoscopy under sedation.
Multi-channel pharyngeal pressure recordings.
Müller-Manoeuvre for surgical candidate selection.

Main Results:

Videoendoscopy under sedation lacks sufficient evidence for improving surgical success rates.
Videoendoscopy is essential for assessing epiglottic impact on airway obstruction.
Multi-channel pressure recordings quantify SDB events but cannot differentiate tongue base from epiglottis obstructions.

Conclusions:

Current benefits of advanced SDB diagnostics require cautious interpretation.
Videoendoscopy and pressure recordings show potential but need further research.
These methods may become valuable tools for otorhinolaryngologists in SDB treatment.