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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model
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Inflammatory response in transapical transaortic valve replacement.

A Goetzenich1, A Roehl, J Spillner

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University Clinic RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. agoetzenich@ukaachen.de

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transapical aortic valve implantation (TA-AVI) causes a reduced inflammatory response compared to conventional aortic valve replacement (cAVR). Cytokine levels like IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower after TA-AVI, indicating a less inflammatory procedure.

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Published on: May 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Immunology
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures

Background:

  • Transapical aortic valve implantation (TA-AVI) is an emerging alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement (cAVR).
  • TA-AVI is often considered for patients with significant comorbidities.
  • The inflammatory response to TA-AVI requires further investigation to understand its relation to procedural invasiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the systemic inflammatory response between TA-AVI and cAVR.
  • To determine if the less invasive nature of TA-AVI is reflected in a reduced inflammatory marker profile.
  • To investigate the kinetics of key cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) in patients undergoing these procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study involving 25 patients (15 cAVR, 10 TA-AVI).
  • Serial plasma cytokine concentrations (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) were measured using ELISA.
  • Measurements were taken at six time points: pre-procedure, during, and post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 increased post-procedure in both groups, returning to baseline before discharge.
  • Peak IL-6 and IL-8 levels were significantly lower in the TA-AVI group compared to the cAVR group.
  • While IL-10 was activated in both, its induction was more prominent in the cAVR group.

Conclusions:

  • TA-AVI elicits a significantly reduced systemic inflammatory response compared to cAVR.
  • This reduction is attributed to both cardiopulmonary bypass-dependent and independent factors.
  • TA-AVI represents a less inflammatory approach to aortic valve replacement.