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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

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Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

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Do new TB vaccines have a place in the Expanded Program on Immunization?

David N McMurray¹

¹Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843 1114, USA. mcmurray@medicine.tamhsc.edu

Expert Review of Vaccines

|November 17, 2011

Summary

New research shows that combining the MVA85A tuberculosis vaccine with routine infant vaccines reduced its effectiveness. This finding is crucial for developing future TB vaccine strategies and ensuring optimal immune responses.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Infectious Disease Research

Background:

The modified vaccinia virus Ankara-expressing mycobacterial antigen 85A (MVA85A) is a promising new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidate.
Many new TB vaccines are evaluated for their ability to boost existing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-induced immunity.
Co-administration with vaccines from the World Health Organization's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) could simplify the introduction of new TB vaccines.

Discussion:

This study investigated the immunogenicity of MVA85A when administered alone versus with EPI vaccines in infants in The Gambia.
The primary measure of immunogenicity was the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by peripheral blood cells in response to antigen 85A.
The potential for vaccine-vaccine interactions that could dampen the desired immune response is a critical consideration.

Key Insights:

Infants receiving MVA85A concurrently with EPI vaccines showed a significant reduction in antigen 85A-specific IFN-γ production compared to those receiving MVA85A alone.
This suggests that co-administration with certain EPI vaccines may impair the Type 1 T-cell-mediated immune response induced by MVA85A.
The observed reduction in immune response has implications for the efficacy of MVA85A and potentially other vaccines relying on similar immune pathways.

Outlook:

Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this immunomodulation.
Strategies to mitigate the negative impact of co-administration on MVA85A immunogenicity should be explored.
These findings underscore the importance of carefully evaluating vaccine combinations before widespread implementation in immunization programs.