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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

Square planar coordinate iron oxides.

Cédric Tassel1, Hiroshi Kageyama

  • 1Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.

Chemical Society Reviews
|November 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Novel iron oxides with square planar FeO(4) coordination exhibit remarkable stability and magnetic order. Pressure induces spin-state, insulator-to-metal, and magnetic transitions, offering potential for advanced materials.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Exploration of novel iron oxides with unique coordination environments is crucial for advanced material design.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships in oxides is key to developing materials with tailored functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel iron oxides featuring FeO(4) square planar coordination.
  • To investigate the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of these materials under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Topotactic low-temperature reduction using metal hydrides for synthesis.
  • Structural analysis and property measurements under applied pressure.

Main Results:

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Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
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Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition

Published on: February 5, 2022

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
10:45

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition

Published on: February 5, 2022

  • SrFeO(2) and Sr(3)Fe(2)O(5) were synthesized, exhibiting stable square planar FeO(4) units.
  • SrFeO(2) demonstrates exceptional thermal and chemical stability, with magnetic order above room temperature due to strong Fe-O-Fe and Fe-Fe exchange interactions.
  • Pressure application (around 34 GPa) induced spin-state transitions (S=2 to S=1), insulator-to-metal transitions, and antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Novel iron oxides with square planar FeO(4) coordination possess unique structural and magnetic properties.
  • These materials exhibit significant transitions under pressure, highlighting their potential for advanced electronic and magnetic applications.
  • The observed oxide ion mobility suggests possibilities for designing low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells and membranes.