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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

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The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...

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1,2-Bis(4-nitro-benz-yl)diselane.

Hua Zhou1, Shi-Yi Ou, Ri-An Yan

  • 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|November 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that although the title compound is achiral, its molecules adopt a chiral conformation in the solid state. This chiral aggregation influences the compound's crystal structure and molecular arrangement.

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Area of Science:

  • Organoselenium chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Molecular conformation

Background:

  • Organoselenium compounds exhibit diverse structural properties.
  • Understanding molecular conformation is crucial for predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solid-state conformation and aggregation behavior of the title organoditellurium compound.
  • To elucidate the relationship between molecular structure and crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed.
  • Torsion angles and dihedral angles were precisely measured.

Main Results:

  • The title compound (C14H12N2O4Se2) is achiral but forms chiral aggregates in the solid state.
  • Key torsion angles (C-Se-Se-C: 90.4(2)°, Se-Se-C-C: -59.4(5)° and 67.5(4)°) and a dihedral angle (80.74(14)°) were determined.
  • Molecules adopt gauche conformations in the Se-Se-C-C fragments.

Conclusions:

  • The observed chiral conformation in the solid state arises from specific torsion angles.
  • The aggregation behavior is dictated by the interplay of bond angles and steric factors.
  • This study provides insights into the structural diversity of organoselenium compounds.