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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...

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Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

(3-Amino-phen-yl)methanol.

Richard Betz1, Thomas Gerber, Eric Hosten

  • 1Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Summerstrand Campus, Department of Chemistry, University Way, Summerstrand, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|November 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes a benzyl alcohol derivative, C(7)H(9)NO, detailing its molecular structure and crystal packing. The compound forms a two-dimensional framework through hydrogen bonding interactions in the solid state.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Benzyl alcohol derivatives are important in organic synthesis and materials science.
  • Understanding crystal packing and intermolecular interactions is crucial for predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the crystal structure of a specific benzyl alcohol derivative (C(7)H(9)NO).
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, governing crystal formation.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond angles and intermolecular contacts (hydrogen bonds) was performed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(7)H(9)NO was elucidated, revealing specific endocyclic C-C-C bond angles (119.50(12)-121.04(12)°).
  • Molecules are organized into a two-dimensional framework parallel to the ab plane.
  • Both N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds were identified as key intermolecular forces.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides detailed structural information for a benzyl alcohol derivative.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the self-assembly and formation of extended supramolecular structures.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in organic crystalline materials.