Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
Published on: March 7, 2025
Periodontitis in non-smoking type 1 diabetic adults: a cross-sectional study
Penny J Hodge1, Douglas Robertson, Kenneth Paterson
1Infection and Immunity Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow Dental School.
Aim:
To compare levels of periodontitis in non-smoking type 1 diabetic patients and controls.
Material And Methods:
Type 1 diabetic patients, aged 20-55 years, were recruited from outpatient clinics at five hospitals in Glasgow, UK. Control subjects were recruited from physiotherapy clinics, using the buddy system and through an advertisement in a free newspaper. The primary outcome was severe periodontitis defined by clinical attachment level ≥6 mm on ≥1 tooth.
Results:
There were 34 well controlled patients (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%), 169 poorly controlled patients and 112 non-diabetic subjects. Prevalence of severe periodontitis was higher in all type 1 diabetic patients [24.1% (95% CI: 18.4-30.6%)] and poorly controlled patients [27.2% (20.7-34.6%)] than in controls [20.5% (13.5-29.2%)]. The fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in never smokers comparing the whole diabetic group, and the poorly controlled group, with the control group were 1.35 [0.66-2.8] (p = 0.41) and 1.58 [0.75-3.33] (p = 0.23), respectively. Mean clinical attachment level was higher in all type 1 diabetic and poorly controlled patients than in controls (both p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
These results indicate worse periodontal health in type 1 diabetic patients than in control subjects.
Trial Registration:
This study was registered with the UKCRN, ID: 9314 and Scottish Diabetes Research Network registration number: 128.
Related Concept Videos
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Diabetic Retinopathy
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
