[Multidisciplinary treatment strategies for adult dentition diastemata]

Adult dentition diastemata are induced by multiple factors including congenital developmental abnormalities, pathological remodeling of periodontal tissue, dentition defects, occlusal trauma and systemic metabolic diseases, and are frequently accompanied by a series of complications such as impaired masticatory function, compromised anterior esthetics and progressive periodontal destruction. Due to decreased alveolar bone remodeling activity and prolonged tooth movement cycle in adults, monodisciplinary treatment cannot simultaneously achieve balanced function, satisfactory esthetics and long-term dental arch stability. This paper systematically describes the classification criteria of adult dentition diastemata and establishes a hierarchical clinical decision-making system. Four clinical protocols are elaborated, namely orthodontic treatment alone, combined orthodontic-aesthetic restoration, orthodontic-implant rehabilitation, and integrated periodontal-orthodontic-restorative multidisciplinary therapy. A three-tiered standard for therapeutic efficacy evaluation is formulated. Patients are stratified into low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk groups based on periodontal status, severity of bone defects and systemic risk factors, with differentiated follow-up intervals, examination items and stepped intervention strategies proposed. The etiological factors contributing to post-treatment recurrence of adult dentition diastemata and corresponding preventive measures are also analyzed. This study provides clinical references for individualized multidisciplinary management of adult dentition diastemata.