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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation, but...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Coronavirus pathogenesis.

Susan R Weiss1, Julian L Leibowitz

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.

Advances in Virus Research
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines coronavirus pathogenesis, focusing on mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and SARS-CoV. It details viral mechanisms, host responses, and protein functions crucial for disease development and spread.

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Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Coronaviruses cause acute and chronic diseases in animals and humans.
  • Murine coronavirus (MHV) serves as a model for studying viral tropism and pathogenesis in various organs.
  • Severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV) caused a global epidemic with significant mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of MHV and SARS-CoV.
  • To discuss reverse genetics systems used in coronavirus research.
  • To analyze the roles of coronavirus proteins in pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of coronavirus pathogenesis studies.
  • Analysis of reverse genetics systems for MHV and SARS-CoV.
  • Examination of viral protein functions, including structural, enzymatic, and accessory proteins.

Main Results:

  • MHV provides models for CNS, liver, and lung pathogenesis, including chronic demyelinating diseases.
  • SARS-CoV emerged in 2002, causing a severe epidemic, particularly in older individuals.
  • Both structural and nonstructural viral proteins play critical roles in viral spread, host response antagonism, and RNA metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding coronavirus pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.
  • Reverse genetics systems have been instrumental in elucidating viral mechanisms.
  • Viral proteins, particularly accessory and replicase proteins, are key targets for understanding and combating coronavirus infections.