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Related Experiment Videos

The corneal endothelium.

S J Tuft1, D J Coster

  • 1Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London.

Eye (London, England)
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The corneal endothelium maintains cornea transparency by pumping water. In humans, damaged endothelium repairs via cell enlargement, not regeneration, assessed by clinical methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The corneal endothelium, a single cell layer on the posterior cornea, is vital for maintaining corneal transparency.
  • It actively transports water from the corneal stroma to the anterior chamber, preventing stromal swelling.
  • Embryologic studies reveal the endothelium's neural crest origin, influencing its response to disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development, structure, and function of the corneal endothelium.
  • To discuss pathological processes affecting the corneal endothelium.
  • To highlight the human endothelium's repair mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of embryologic studies.
  • Analysis of endothelial cell repair mechanisms.

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  • Discussion of clinical assessment techniques including specular microscopy, fluorophotometry, and pachymetry.

    • Main Results:

    • Corneal transparency is dependent on endothelial function.
    • Human corneal endothelial cells primarily repair injury through cellular enlargement, unlike regeneration seen in some species.
    • Clinical methods provide estimates of endothelial cell density and function.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding corneal endothelium development and function is crucial for ophthalmology.
    • The distinct human repair mechanism has implications for treating corneal diseases.
    • Clinical assessment tools are essential for evaluating endothelial health.