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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

Psychiatric lessons learned in Kandahar.

Rakesh Jetly1

  • 1Canadian Forces Health Services, Directorate of Mental Health, 1745 Alta Vista Dr., Ottawa, Ontario. rakesh.jetly@forces.gc.ca

Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie
|November 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan faced significant psychological stressors. Mental health teams found that most patients recover well, and treatment requires adapting civilian guidelines for combat zones.

Area of Science:

  • Military medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Combat psychology

Background:

  • Canadian Forces experienced unprecedented combat missions in Afghanistan, similar to the Korean War.
  • Asymmetric warfare, insurgency, and improvised explosive devices created substantial psychological stressors for soldiers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the mental health challenges faced by Canadian soldiers during the Afghanistan mission.
  • To outline the role and lessons learned by mental health teams deployed in a combat zone.

Main Methods:

  • Mental health teams provided on-site assessment, treatment, and education to soldiers.
  • Clinical observations and experiences from the deployed mental health practice were documented.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

  • The study refutes the myth that all psychological disorders stem from trauma.
  • It confirms that most patients demonstrate positive outcomes after trauma exposure.
  • Effective treatment in a war zone necessitates flexible adaptation of civilian mental health guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Mental health practice in combat missions extends beyond traditional clinical settings.
  • The Afghanistan mission provided valuable insights into military mental healthcare delivery.
  • Flexible and adaptive treatment approaches are crucial for soldier well-being in combat zones.