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Updated: May 27, 2026

Purification and Reconstitution of TRPV1 for Spectroscopic Analysis
Published on: July 3, 2018
Analyzing conformational changes in the transport cycle of EmrE
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States. khenzler@biochem.wustl.edu
None:
The small multidrug resistance transporters represent a unique model system for studying the mechanism of secondary active transport and membrane protein evolution. However, this seemingly simple protein has been highly controversial. Recent studies have provided experimental evidence that EmrE exists as an asymmetric dimer that exchanges between identical inward-facing and outward-facing states. Re-examination of the published literature in light of these findings fills in many details of the microscopic steps in the transport cycle. Future work will need to examine how the symmetry observed in vitro affects EmrE function in the asymmetric environment of its native Escherichia coli membrane.
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