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Related Experiment Video

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A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

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Co-development of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors: causal direction and common vulnerability.

Eunju J Lee¹, William M Bukowski

¹Department of Social Welfare, Halla University, Wonju, South Korea. elee@knu.ac.kr

Journal of Adolescence

|November 23, 2011

Summary

Boys and girls exhibit distinct developmental paths for internalizing and externalizing problems. Gender-specific risk factors, like parental violence for boys and delinquent peers for girls, influence these trajectories.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Child Psychiatry
Behavioral Science

Background:

Internalizing and externalizing problems are key areas of child psychopathology.
Understanding their co-development is crucial for early intervention.
Existing models offer different perspectives on developmental mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the longitudinal co-development of internalizing and externalizing problems in Korean youth.
To test directional and common vulnerability models of psychopathology development.
To identify gender-specific developmental trajectories and risk factors.

Main Methods:

Latent growth curve modeling was employed.
A sample of 2844 Korean fourth graders was followed for four years.
Developmental trajectories and cross-domain influences were analyzed.

Main Results:

Significant gender differences were observed in developmental trajectories.
Boys showed bidirectional influences between internalizing and externalizing problems; girls showed unidirectional influence from externalizing to internalizing problems.
Parental violence was a risk factor for boys, while delinquent peer affiliation was a risk factor for girls.

Conclusions:

Developmental pathways for internalizing and externalizing problems are gender-specific.
Distinct models may be needed to explain psychopathology development in boys and girls.
Interventions should consider gender and specific risk factors for targeted support.