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Co-development of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors: causal direction and common vulnerability.
Eunju J Lee1, William M Bukowski
1Department of Social Welfare, Halla University, Wonju, South Korea. elee@knu.ac.kr
Journal of Adolescence
|November 23, 2011
Summary
Boys and girls exhibit distinct developmental paths for internalizing and externalizing problems. Gender-specific risk factors, like parental violence for boys and delinquent peers for girls, influence these trajectories.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Child Psychiatry
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Internalizing and externalizing problems are key areas of child psychopathology.
- Understanding their co-development is crucial for early intervention.
- Existing models offer different perspectives on developmental mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the longitudinal co-development of internalizing and externalizing problems in Korean youth.
- To test directional and common vulnerability models of psychopathology development.
- To identify gender-specific developmental trajectories and risk factors.
Main Methods:
- Latent growth curve modeling was employed.
- A sample of 2844 Korean fourth graders was followed for four years.
- Developmental trajectories and cross-domain influences were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Significant gender differences were observed in developmental trajectories.
- Boys showed bidirectional influences between internalizing and externalizing problems; girls showed unidirectional influence from externalizing to internalizing problems.
- Parental violence was a risk factor for boys, while delinquent peer affiliation was a risk factor for girls.
Conclusions:
- Developmental pathways for internalizing and externalizing problems are gender-specific.
- Distinct models may be needed to explain psychopathology development in boys and girls.
- Interventions should consider gender and specific risk factors for targeted support.
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