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Related Concept Videos

Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...

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Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery
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Hiatal hernias.

Chase Dean1, Denzil Etienne, Bianca Carpentier

  • 1Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St George's University, Grenada, West Indies.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|November 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Esophageal hiatal hernias, affecting up to 50% of people, involve stomach protrusion into the chest. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, like laparoscopic fundoplication for sliding types, are crucial for managing this common condition.

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Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Esophageal hiatal hernias are prevalent, affecting 10-50% of the population.
  • Characterized by stomach protrusion into the thoracic cavity via the diaphragm.
  • Four types exist: sliding (I), paraesophageal (II), combined (III), and giant paraesophageal (IV), each with unique presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on hiatal hernias.
  • To enhance awareness and understanding of hiatal hernia pathology.
  • To improve diagnosis and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of extensive research on hiatal hernias.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods, including barium swallow and chest radiographs.
  • Examination of treatment options, such as laparoscopic fundoplication.

Main Results:

  • Hiatal hernias present with diverse symptoms and potential complications.
  • Accurate diagnosis is essential due to the potential severity.
  • Laparoscopic fundoplication is a standard treatment for sliding hernias.

Conclusions:

  • Increased awareness and prompt diagnosis are vital for effective hiatal hernia management.
  • Understanding the different types and their specific characteristics aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Further research and literature review contribute to improved patient outcomes.