Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application

A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a change...
Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

Conservation of Angular Momentum

A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce internal...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He mathematically...
Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Riemann Hypothesis manifested in dynamical quantum phase transitions.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Hearing higher-order Weyl exceptional rings in lossy metamaterials.

National science review·2026
Same author

Chiral laser gyroscopes breaking the lock-in limit.

Nature·2026
Same author

Quantum Error Correction with Superpositions of Squeezed Fock States.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Giant-Atom Quantum Batteries: Lossless Energy Transfer via Interference Engineering.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Cusp-singularity-enhanced Coriolis effect for sensitive chip-scale gyroscopes.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Relativistic electron vortex beams: angular momentum and spin-orbit interaction.

Konstantin Y Bliokh1, Mark R Dennis, Franco Nori

  • 1Applied Optics Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Physical Review Letters
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored electron vortex beams, detailing relativistic corrections and intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. This spin-dependent coupling affects electron beam distribution and magnetic moments in free space.

More Related Videos

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Particle physics
  • Beam optics

Background:

  • Electron vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (AM) have been recently discovered.
  • Understanding relativistic and nonparaxial effects in these beams is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct exact Bessel-beam solutions for the Dirac equation describing electron vortex beams.
  • To investigate relativistic and nonparaxial corrections to scalar electron beams.
  • To analyze spin and orbital AM with Berry-phase corrections and predict intrinsic spin-orbit coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Solving the Dirac equation to derive exact Bessel-beam solutions.
  • Incorporating Berry-phase corrections to describe electron AM.
  • Calculating the magnetic moment of the electron beams.

Main Results:

  • Exact Bessel-beam solutions accounting for relativistic and nonparaxial effects were derived.
  • Intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in free space was predicted.
  • A spin-dependent probability distribution for focused electron vortex beams was identified.
  • The magnetic moment calculation revealed different g factors for spin and orbital AM, including Berry-phase corrections.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding complex electron vortex beams.
  • The findings offer insights into spin-orbit coupling and magnetic properties in relativistic electron beams.
  • Predicted phenomena like spin-dependent distributions can be experimentally verified.