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Motor system development of the preterm and low birthweight infant

Julia B Pitcher1, Luke A Schneider, John L Drysdale

  • 1Neuromotor Plasticity and Development, Robinson Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. julia.pitcher@adelaide.edu.au

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 24, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Predicting neuromotor outcomes in preterm infants is challenging. Recent findings suggest neuromotor development impacts cognitive function, highlighting neuroplasticity and developmental care for improved infant neurodevelopment.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neuroscience
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of long-term neuromotor outcomes for preterm infants remains difficult despite technological advances.
  • Preterm birth and suboptimal fetal growth significantly impact infant neurodevelopment.
  • The relationship between early neuromotor development and later cognitive outcomes requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the effects of preterm birth and fetal growth on neurodevelopment.
  • To explore the influence of neuromotor development on cognitive outcomes.
  • To discuss the role of neuroplasticity and developmental care in modulating long-term outcomes for preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies.
  • Discussion of neuroplasticity mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
  • Consideration of developmental care practices.

Main Results:

  • Neuromotor development appears to have a more direct influence on cognitive outcomes than previously understood.
  • Neuroplasticity plays a dual role, potentially exacerbating or improving postnatal neurodevelopmental trajectories.
  • Specific developmental care practices may influence long-term outcomes for preterm infants.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between neuromotor development, cognitive function, and neuroplasticity is crucial for preterm infants.
  • Targeting neuroplasticity and optimizing developmental care offer potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
  • Further research is needed to refine prediction models and enhance long-term outcomes for this vulnerable population.

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