Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Validation of the Electrophilic Allergen Screening Assay for Detection of Key Event 1 of the Skin Sensitization Adverse Outcome Pathway.

Toxicsยท2026
Same author

Immune system evaluation of Echinacea Purpurea root extract in female Harlan Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats.

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Associationยท2026
Same author

Assessment of immunotoxicity in the 21st century: Where we are and what we need to replace animals.

Current opinion in toxicologyยท2026
Same author

PFAS Toxicity: What's True, What's Not, and What Really Matters.

Environmental science & technologyยท2026
Same author

"I just held it to myself": screening and treatment experiences of individuals with perinatal suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

BMC psychiatryยท2026
Same author

Impacts of environmental stressors on fertility and fecundity across taxa, with implications for planetary health.

NPJ emerging contaminantsยท2026
Same journal

Comparison of Standard Clinical Pathology Parameter Values in Fasted and Fed Rats and Non-human Primates.

Toxicologic pathologyยท2026
Same journal

Time-Dependent Autolysis in Ex Vivo-Maintained Rat Tissue in Saline: A Descriptive Study and Practical Guidance for Histopathologic Assessment.

Toxicologic pathologyยท2026
Same journal

New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for Carcinogenicity Evaluation.

Toxicologic pathologyยท2026
Same journal

2025 International Academy of Toxicologic Pathology (IATP) Satellite Symposium: Pathology Working Groups (PWGs) in Toxicologic Pathology.

Toxicologic pathologyยท2026
Same journal

Toxicologic Pathology Forum*: Opportunities and Challenges in the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Nonclinical Toxicologic Histopathology Evaluations.

Toxicologic pathologyยท2026
Same journal

New Modalities and Carcinogenicity Assessment.

Toxicologic pathologyยท2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

Immunotoxicity of perfluorinated compounds: recent developments.

Jamie C DeWitt1, Margie M Peden-Adams, Jennifer M Keller

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA. dewittj@ecu.edu

Toxicologic Pathology
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), like PFOA and PFOS, are widespread environmental toxins that can harm immune systems in wildlife and humans. Research indicates potential immune risks even at low exposure levels, warranting further investigation.

More Related Videos

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
07:06

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

Published on: September 28, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
07:06

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Immunology
  • Chemical Safety

Background:

  • Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are persistent, bioaccumulative environmental contaminants.
  • PFCs exhibit widespread toxicity, including immunomodulatory effects in various species.
  • Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are prevalent and highly concentrated PFCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on immunomodulation by PFCs.
  • To assess the risk of immune effects in humans and wildlife exposed to PFCs.
  • To explore PFC immunotoxicity across different animal models and wildlife.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies on PFC immunomodulation.
  • Analysis of experimental data from rodent, avian, and reptilian models.
  • Examination of wildlife exposure data and observed immune responses.

Main Results:

  • PFOA and PFOS alter inflammatory and immune responses in laboratory animals.
  • Observed immune effects in animal models occur at environmentally relevant serum concentrations.
  • Evidence suggests potential risks to human and wildlife immune systems from PFC exposure.

Conclusions:

  • PFCs pose a significant risk of immunomodulation in exposed populations.
  • Bioaccumulation and co-exposure to multiple PFCs amplify potential health concerns.
  • Further research is crucial to understand and mitigate PFC-induced immune toxicity.