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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

Microbiota in autoimmunity and tolerance.

Koji Atarashi¹, Kenya Honda

¹Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Current Opinion in Immunology

|November 26, 2011

Summary

The gut microbiota influences T cell differentiation, impacting immune responses and autoimmune disease susceptibility. Understanding this relationship is key for immune homeostasis and barrier function.

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Published on: December 16, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Gastroenterology

Background:

The intestinal microbiota significantly shapes host immune responses.
T cell subsets, including Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs), are crucial for mucosal immunity and homeostasis.
Dysbiosis and altered T cell differentiation are implicated in autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding how intestinal microbiota composition influences T cell differentiation.
To explore the impact of microbiota-driven T cell changes on host susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes findings from recent preclinical and clinical studies.
Literature search focused on the interplay between gut microbiota, T cell subsets (Th17, Tregs), and autoimmune conditions.

Main Results:

Microbiota composition dictates the balance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs).
These T cell subsets are critical for maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and immune system balance.
Alterations in microbiota-driven T cell differentiation are linked to the development and progression of autoimmune diseases.

Conclusions:

The intestinal microbiota is a key determinant of T cell differentiation pathways.
Targeting the gut microbiota offers potential therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms linking microbiota, T cells, and autoimmunity.