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Updated: May 27, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Published on: October 15, 2019
Microbiota in autoimmunity and tolerance
1Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Abstract:
The composition of a host's intestinal microbiota directs the type of mucosal and systemic immune responses by affecting the proportion and number of functionally distinct T cell subsets. In particular, the microbiota composition affects the differentiation of intestinal Th17 cells and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, both of which play critical roles in maintaining mucosal barrier functions and in controlling immunological homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how the intestinal microbiota affects T cell differentiation and host susceptibility to autoimmune disease.
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