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Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

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Functionalized multilayered graphene platform for urea sensor.

Rajesh K Srivastava¹, Saurabh Srivastava, Tharangattu N Narayanan

¹Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.

|November 29, 2011

Summary

Researchers developed a simple, scalable method to create functionalized multilayer graphene (MLG) from carbon nanotubes. This novel material enhances electrochemical biosensors, demonstrating high sensitivity and a fast response time for urea detection.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Biosensing

Background:

Multilayered graphene (MLG) offers excellent electrical conductivity and surface area, making it suitable for electrochemical sensing.
Existing methods for MLG production can be complex or involve toxic reagents.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a less toxic, reproducible, and scalable method for producing functionalized MLG from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
To fabricate and characterize a novel amperometric urea biosensor using the synthesized functionalized MLG.

Main Methods:

Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids.
Characterization of the resulting multilayered graphene (MLG) using electron microscopy, FTIR, and XPS.
Fabrication of an amperometric urea biosensor incorporating the functionalized MLG.

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Main Results:

Successful synthesis of functionalized MLG with carboxylic and hydroxyl groups confirmed by FTIR and XPS.
The urea biosensor exhibited a linear detection range of 10-100 mg dL⁻¹, a sensitivity of 5.43 μA mg⁻¹ dL cm⁻², and a low detection limit of 3.9 mg dL⁻¹.
The biosensor demonstrated a rapid response time of 10 seconds.

Conclusions:

The developed method provides an efficient and scalable route to produce functionalized MLG.
Functionalized MLG is a promising material for developing high-performance electrochemical biosensors, exemplified by the novel urea biosensor.