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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

The Knob Supination Task: A Semi-automated Method for Assessing Forelimb Function in Rats
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Correction of the claw hand.

Anthony Sapienza1, Steven Green

  • 1Hand Surgery Division, Department of Orthopedics, Bellevue Hospital Center, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA. anthony.sapienza@nyumc.org

Hand Clinics
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Intrinsic paralysis, or claw hand, results from various conditions affecting the nerves and muscles. This article details the clinical evaluation and surgical treatments for this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Hand Surgery

Background:

  • Intrinsic paralysis presents with diverse clinical findings based on etiology and severity.
  • Key issues include clawing (MCP hyperextension, IP flexion), impaired digital abduction/adduction, and grip weakness.
  • Causes include stroke, cerebral palsy, neuropathies, and trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical evaluation process for intrinsic hand paralysis.
  • To describe available surgical treatment options for claw hand deformities.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment of intrinsic hand muscle function.
  • Review of surgical techniques for correcting claw hand.

Main Results:

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

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09:26

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Published on: September 28, 2017

Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping
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Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

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  • Intrinsic paralysis leads to characteristic hand deformities and functional deficits.
  • Surgical interventions aim to restore finger flexion, abduction/adduction, and grip strength.

    • Conclusions:

    • Accurate clinical evaluation is crucial for diagnosing intrinsic paralysis.
    • Surgical treatment can effectively address the functional impairments associated with claw hand.