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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The immune system...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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B cells and autoimmunity.

Shiv Pillai1, Hamid Mattoo, Annaiah Cariappa

  • 1Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, United States. pillai@helix.mgh.harvard.edu

Current Opinion in Immunology
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

B cells play a critical role in autoimmune diseases, both in antibody-driven conditions and T cell-mediated inflammation. This review covers B cell tolerance, depletion, BAFF blockade, and regulatory B cells.

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Published on: April 11, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B cells are increasingly recognized for their roles in T cell-driven autoimmune disorders, beyond their established function in autoantibody-mediated diseases.
  • Understanding B cell involvement is crucial for developing targeted therapies for a range of autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on B cell tolerance checkpoints.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies including B cell depletion and BAFF blockade.
  • To explore the role of regulatory B cells and the SIAE/Siglec pathway in maintaining immune tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current scientific information on B cell function in autoimmunity.
  • Synthesis of data on tolerance mechanisms, B cell depletion, BAFF blockade, regulatory B cells, and the SIAE/Siglec pathway.

Main Results:

  • Growing appreciation for diverse B cell roles in autoimmune pathogenesis.
  • Identification of key B cell tolerance checkpoints and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Overview of established and emerging therapeutic targets affecting B cells.

Conclusions:

  • B cells are central players in various autoimmune diseases, offering multiple therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into B cell tolerance and regulation can lead to more effective treatments for autoimmune disorders.