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Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...
Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
Neuron Structure01:31

Neuron Structure

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Manual Segmentation of the Human Choroid Plexus Using Brain MRI
04:25

Manual Segmentation of the Human Choroid Plexus Using Brain MRI

Published on: December 15, 2023

Using text mining to link journal articles to neuroanatomical databases.

Leon French1, Paul Pavlidis

  • 1Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada.

The Journal of Comparative Neurology
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an automated method to link neuroscience literature to brain region databases. The approach accurately maps over 100,000 brain region mentions, improving data accessibility and highlighting nomenclature standardization needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Electronic linking of neuroscience data requires automated identification of biological concepts in scientific literature.
  • Current methods for mapping neuroanatomical regions to text are limited.
  • The Journal of Comparative Neurology (JCN) is a key publication venue for comparative neuroscience research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply an automated approach for mapping formal neuroanatomical region identifiers to text in journal abstracts.
  • To analyze publication patterns of brain regions and species in the JCN.
  • To identify challenges in neuroanatomical nomenclature standardization.

Main Methods:

  • Applied an automated mapping approach to a large corpus of JCN abstracts.
  • Mapped formal identifiers of neuroanatomical regions to text mentions.
  • Utilized a manually annotated corpus for evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Over 100,000 brain region mentions were identified and mapped to 8,225 distinct brain region concepts across multiple organisms.
  • The mapping achieved an estimated 95% precision and 63% recall.
  • Significant discrepancies were found between formal terminologies and author-used terms, with 136 unrecognized regions added to the Neuroscience Lexicon (NeuroLex).

Conclusions:

  • The automated method effectively extracts and maps neuroanatomical information from neuroscience literature.
  • Findings reveal publication trends in comparative neuroscience and underscore the need for standardized neuroanatomical nomenclature.
  • The study provides valuable resources, including data and tools, to advance neuroscience information integration.