The use of nanoparticles as contrast media in neuroimaging: a statement on toxicity

The use of nanoparticles in diagnostic imaging is rapidly gaining utility and acceptance. A handful of iron oxide nanoparticle compounds have already been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical use with a favorable acute safety profile. However, because use of these agents is still in its early stages, long-term clinical data has yet to become readily available. The ability of these particles to interact with cellular biology at a molecular level does have theoretical injurious potential. As with any medical intervention, its relative risks must be clearly understood. This article discusses the safety profile and potential toxicities of nanoparticles as used in diagnostic imaging, and serves to inform the prescribing physician of relative and potential risk to the patient.