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Related Concept Videos

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

New Generations: Sequencing Machines and Their Computational Challenges.

David C Schwartz1, Michael S Waterman

  • 1Laboratory for Molecular and Computational Genomics, Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706 USA.

Journal of Computer Science and Technology
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation sequencing is revolutionizing molecular biology and personalized medicine. This advancement creates significant computational demands for processing and storing vast genomic data, requiring new bioinformatics methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are rapidly advancing, making whole-genome sequencing more accessible.
  • The decreasing cost of sequencing, exemplified by the $1000 genome, is poised to transform healthcare and biological research.
  • Large-scale population genomics studies are becoming increasingly feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey the computational challenges and demands posed by next-generation sequencing.
  • To highlight the need for advancements in computational methods and infrastructure for genomics.
  • To discuss the implications of widespread genomic data for healthcare and research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and emerging next-generation sequencing technologies.
  • Analysis of computational requirements, including CPU cycles and data storage.
  • Exploration of the necessity for novel computational algorithms and approaches.

Main Results:

  • The widespread adoption of NGS necessitates substantial increases in computational power and storage capacity.
  • Existing computational methods may be insufficient to handle the scale of data generated by new sequencing technologies.
  • The development of new bioinformatics tools and strategies is crucial for efficient data analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Next-generation sequencing presents unprecedented opportunities in personalized medicine and organismal genomics.
  • The computational infrastructure and methodologies must evolve in parallel with sequencing technology to realize its full potential.
  • Addressing computational demands is critical for the successful integration of large-scale genomic data into science and healthcare.