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Related Concept Videos

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...

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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Distributed versus focused attention (count vs estimate).

Sang C Chong1, Karla K Evans2

  • 1Department of Psychology & Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human number sense involves two distinct processes: exact enumeration and approximate estimation. Focused attention aids enumeration, while distributed attention supports estimation for visual quantity perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Psychology of Attention

Background:

  • Quantity and numerosity are fundamental environmental properties.
  • Both humans and animals possess a neural representation of quantity, termed 'number sense'.
  • Number sense is linked to cognitive functions like working memory, mathematical ability, and texture perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how numerosity is represented in the visual domain.
  • To explore the relationship between numerosity representation and different modes of attention.
  • To differentiate between enumeration and estimation processes in number sense.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on numerosity representation and attention.
  • Analysis of the distinct mechanisms of enumeration and estimation.
  • Examination of the role of focal versus distributed attention.

Main Results:

  • Number sense comprises two distinct processes: enumeration and estimation.
  • Enumeration involves exact counting via focal attention to individual objects.
  • Estimation involves approximate quantity perception via distributed attention to objects as a whole.

Conclusions:

  • Focused attention is optimal for enumeration (exact counting).
  • Distributed attention is optimal for estimation (approximate quantity).
  • Visual numerosity perception is modulated by distinct attentional modes.