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Anger expression and suppression among patients with essential hypertension
Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini1, Vahid Mokhberi, Reza Ali Mohammadpour
1Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center and Department Psychiatry of Mazandaran Medical University, Sari, Iran. shhosseini@mzums.ac.ir
International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
|November 30, 2011
Summary
Individuals with hypertension exhibit higher levels of trait anger and anger suppression compared to healthy individuals. These findings suggest the importance of anger management education for hypertension patients, recognizing anger as a psychosomatic factor.
Area of Science:
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Cardiology
- Psychology
Background:
- Hypertension is recognized as a psychosomatic disease with proposed mental etiologies since the 1950s.
- Understanding the psychological factors contributing to hypertension is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of anger suppression and expression in patients diagnosed with hypertension.
- To compare anger-related traits between hypertensive individuals and a healthy control group.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 200 primary hypertension patients and 100 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education.
- The Spielberger questionnaire was utilized to measure trait anger, anger suppression (anger in), and anger expression (anger out).
- Statistical analysis included t-tests, chi-square, and regression analyses using SPSS software.
Main Results:
- Patients with hypertension demonstrated significantly higher levels of trait anger and anger suppression compared to the control group (P < 0.001).
- No significant difference was observed in the expression of anger (anger out) between hypertensive patients and controls (P = 0.984).
Conclusions:
- The heightened prevalence of trait anger and anger suppression in hypertensive individuals underscores the psychosomatic nature of the disease.
- Implementing anger management and emotional expression education programs for hypertension patients is recommended to address this psychological aspect.
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