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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis
09:58

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis

Published on: June 27, 2020

Transcription factor interactions in genomic nuclear receptor function.

Charlotte L George1, Stafford L Lightman, Simon C Biddie

  • 1Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience & Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.

Epigenomics
|December 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcription factors (TF) interactions are crucial for gene regulation, especially for nuclear receptors. Chromatin structure guides TF binding, influencing cell-specific gene expression in health and disease.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

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Published on: November 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Transcription factors (TF) control gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences.
  • Nuclear receptors are a class of TFs that regulate a significant portion of the genome.
  • Cell-specific gene regulation by nuclear receptors is complex despite their widespread expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on the role of combinatorial TF interactions in nuclear receptor-mediated transcription.
  • To emphasize the significance of chromatin structure in directing TF and nuclear receptor recruitment.
  • To highlight TF interactions as a general mechanism in transcriptional control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of high-throughput genome-wide TF binding profiling data.
  • Analysis of studies investigating TF-chromatin interactions.
  • Synthesis of recent research on nuclear receptor function.

Main Results:

  • TF binding patterns are often colocalized and cell-specific, indicating critical TF interactions.
  • Chromatin architecture predetermines accessibility of TF binding sites at regulatory elements.
  • Combinatorial TF interactions significantly influence nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • TF interactions are essential for achieving cell- and context-specific transcription.
  • Chromatin structure plays a pivotal role in guiding TF and nuclear receptor binding.
  • TF interactions represent a fundamental mechanism for transcriptional regulation in biological systems and disease states.