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Related Concept Videos

Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
The Vestibular System01:29

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
Gyroscope: Precession01:24

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Primary position upbeat nystagmus.

Ivan Adamec1, Tereza Gabelić, Magdalena Krbot

  • 1Department of Neurology, Zagreb School of Medicine and University Hospital Center, Referral Center for Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|December 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary position upbeat nystagmus, a rare finding, occurred in a patient with a clinically isolated syndrome. A medullary lesion caused this nystagmus, persisting despite treatment due to potential diffuse brainstem damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Primary position upbeat nystagmus is an uncommon clinical manifestation.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) can present with diverse neurological symptoms.

Observation:

  • A patient with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of MS exhibited primary position upbeat nystagmus.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) identified a demyelinating lesion in the lower medulla, impacting the nucleus intercalatus.

Findings:

  • The medullary lesion disrupted the flocculovestibular inhibitory pathway, leading to upbeat nystagmus.
  • Nystagmus persisted post-pulsed corticosteroid therapy, suggesting incomplete recovery.
  • Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) indicated delayed latencies and a conduction block, pointing to diffuse brainstem damage and impaired central adaptation.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a specific neuroanatomical correlate for upbeat nystagmus in demyelinating disease.
  • Persistent nystagmus despite treatment may indicate more extensive central nervous system involvement.
  • VEMPs can reveal subclinical brainstem dysfunction in patients with neurological disorders.