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Co-localisation of abnormal brain structure and function in specific language impairment.

Nicholas A Badcock1, Dorothy V M Bishop, Mervyn J Hardiman

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom.

Brain and Language
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Specific language impairment (SLI) involves distinct brain structure and function differences. These neurobiological variations impact language processing, affecting both receptive and expressive skills.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder affecting language acquisition.
  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of SLI is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Previous research suggests structural and functional brain differences in individuals with SLI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain structure and function in individuals with SLI.
  • To compare brain characteristics of SLI patients with unaffected siblings and typical controls.
  • To identify specific brain regions associated with language processing deficits in SLI.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess grey matter differences.
  • An auditory covert naming task was employed to measure brain activation.
  • Participants included individuals with SLI, their unaffected siblings, and unrelated controls.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with SLI showed increased grey matter in the left inferior frontal cortex and decreased grey matter in the right caudate nucleus and bilateral superior temporal cortex compared to controls.
  • Unaffected siblings also exhibited reduced grey matter in the caudate nucleus.
  • The SLI group demonstrated reduced activation in the left inferior frontal cortex, right putamen, and bilateral superior temporal cortex during the naming task.

Conclusions:

  • SLI is associated with widespread structural and functional brain abnormalities.
  • These abnormalities are present in both affected individuals and, to some extent, in unaffected siblings.
  • The relationship between structure and function differs in key brain regions, suggesting complex impacts on language processing in SLI.