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Fineness Modulus

Fineness Modulus

The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Published on: May 27, 2013

Mode field diameter preserving fiber tapers.

D Noordegraaf¹, M D Maack, P M W Skovgaard

¹NKT Photonics A/S, Blokken 84, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark. dno@nktphotonics.com

|December 6, 2011

Summary

Preserving the mode field diameter (MFD) in fiber tapers is achieved using concentric dual-core fibers. This method couples light through a taper, enabling MFD feedthrough and polarization-maintaining applications.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science

Background:

Fiber tapers are crucial optical components, but maintaining a consistent mode field diameter (MFD) during tapering is challenging.
Mode field diameter (MFD) is a critical parameter influencing light propagation and coupling efficiency in optical fibers.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel approach for preserving the mode field diameter (MFD) in fiber tapers.
To investigate the use of concentric dual-core fibers for controlled light coupling during tapering.

Main Methods:

Utilizing concentric dual-core fibers where light is coupled from an inner core to an outer core via a taper.
Experimental fabrication and characterization of fiber tapers.
Numerical simulations to analyze MFD behavior in tapered dual-core fibers.

Main Results:

Experimental demonstration of fiber tapers with a 6 μm MFD feedthrough.
Experimental demonstration of fiber tapers with a 15 μm polarization-maintaining feedthrough.
Simulations confirm the MFD characteristics in the tapered dual-core fiber structures.

Conclusions:

Concentric dual-core fibers provide an effective method for preserving MFD in fiber tapers.
The demonstrated approach is suitable for applications requiring specific MFD and polarization-maintaining properties.