Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Selection on sporulation strategies in a metapopulation can lead to coexistence.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2024
Same author

Ancient Secretory Pathways Contributed to the Evolutionary Origin of an Ecologically Impactful Bioluminescence System.

Molecular biology and evolution·2024
Same author

Modeling the metabolic evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton in response to rising ocean surface temperatures.

BMC ecology and evolution·2022
Same author

Selection on modifiers of genetic architecture under migration load.

PLoS genetics·2022
Same author

Testing the adaptive value of sporulation in budding yeast using experimental evolution.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2021
Same author

How differing modes of non-genetic inheritance affect population viability in fluctuating environments.

Ecology letters·2019
Same journal

Adaptive Dynamics of Quantitative Traits in a Steadily Changing Environment.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Functional Landscape of Zebrafish Gonadotropins and Receptors: A Comprehensive Genetic Analysis.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Synergistic actions of Nup43 and Myosin VI drive actin cone assembly during Drosophila spermiogenesis.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Identification of two Cryptococcus neoformans heme transporters involved in Fhb1-mediated nitrosative stress protection in a fission yeast model.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Analysis of a hypomorphic mei-P26 mutation reveals coordination between developmental programming of germ cells and meiotic chromosome dynamics.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Neural and Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Copulation Latency in Male Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis
06:59

A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis

Published on: August 11, 2010

Multiple routes to subfunctionalization and gene duplicate specialization.

Stephen R Proulx1

  • 1Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9620, USA. proulx@lifesci.ucsb.edu

Genetics
|December 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene duplication provides new genetic material. Larger populations accelerate gene duplication fixation when different gene copies offer distinct advantages, impacting genome evolution.

More Related Videos

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
07:55

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Published on: March 7, 2019

Transient Gene Expression in Tobacco using Gibson Assembly and the Gene Gun
12:02

Transient Gene Expression in Tobacco using Gibson Assembly and the Gene Gun

Published on: April 18, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis
06:59

A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis

Published on: August 11, 2010

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
07:55

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Published on: March 7, 2019

Transient Gene Expression in Tobacco using Gibson Assembly and the Gene Gun
12:02

Transient Gene Expression in Tobacco using Gibson Assembly and the Gene Gun

Published on: April 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Gene duplication is a primary mechanism for generating novel genetic material.
  • Understanding gene duplication fixation is crucial for explaining genome composition and gene family expansion.
  • Existing models often treat duplication phases separately, overlooking a consistent selective environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of a constant selective environment on gene duplication dynamics.
  • To explore how mutations altering gene expression or function influence duplication fixation.
  • To determine the impact of population size on the rate of gene duplication incorporation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of gene duplication under a constant selective regime.
  • Analysis of scenarios involving mutations affecting gene expression profiles or coding sequences.
  • Examination of the relationship between population size and the waiting time for duplication fixation.

Main Results:

  • A constant selective environment can influence the fixation process of gene duplicates.
  • Mutations altering expression or function can create a selective benefit for distinct gene copies.
  • Increased population size significantly reduces the waiting time for gene duplication incorporation.

Conclusions:

  • The selective environment plays a critical role throughout the gene duplication process.
  • Population size is a key factor accelerating the stable integration of gene duplicates.
  • This provides insights into the evolution of gene families and genome diversity.