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Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Neonatal brainstem dysfunction risks infant social engagement.

Ronny Geva1, Koreen Sopher, Lea Kurtzman

  • 1Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel. Ronny.Geva@biu.ac.il

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|December 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal brainstem function, measured by auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs), influences early social engagement in preterm infants. Healthy brainstem transmission may support the development of social behaviors, reflecting an evolutionary role.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The brainstem's role in social signaling is established in ancestral species.
  • Understanding its function in human infants offers insights into human social evolution.
  • Premature birth may impact early neurodevelopment and social engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between neonatal brainstem functioning and social engagement in preterm infants.
  • To explore the evolutionary role of the brainstem in human social development.
  • To assess how auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs) correlate with social interaction behaviors at 4 months corrected age.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 125 healthy preterm neonates (born before 35 weeks' gestational age).
  • Auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs) were measured in neonates.
  • At 4 months corrected age, infants' social engagement was assessed via structured vignettes, with cardiac vagal tone also measured.

Main Results:

  • Neonates with disrupted ABRs (delayed wave V) showed shorter latencies to gaze aversion during face-to-face interactions.
  • These infants engaged gaze normally with masked or partially veiled agents.
  • Analysis revealed a main effect of ABR and an ABR by gestational age interaction on social engagement.

Conclusions:

  • The integrity of brainstem sensory transmission in late gestation may scaffold social disengagement skills.
  • This finding supports the brainstem's conserved evolutionary role in human social development.
  • Early brainstem function is critical for modulating social engagement behaviors in infants.