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Gaze responses in children with cerebral palsy, cerebral visual impairment, and severe intellectual and developmental

Naomi Ferziger1, Ruth Feldman2, Ari Zivotofsky3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|July 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Bimodal sensory stimulation improved visual engagement in children with cerebral palsy (CP), cerebral visual impairment (CVI), and severe intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Gaze responses varied, highlighting the need for tailored sensory interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Children with cerebral palsy (CP), cerebral visual impairment (CVI), and severe intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often exhibit altered sensory processing and gaze behaviors.
  • Understanding gaze responses to sensory stimuli is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gaze responses in children with CP, CVI, and severe IDD when presented with unimodal and bimodal sensory stimuli.
  • To compare gaze behaviors between children with and without CVI.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental-observational study involving 40 children with severe CP and IDD (GMFCS V, MACS V, CFCS V), with and without CVI.
  • Presentation of unimodal (light, auditory, tactile) and bimodal (visual-auditory, visual-tactile) stimuli in a darkened room.
  • Microanalysis of video recordings to assess gaze frequency, duration, and latency.

Main Results:

  • Children with CVI demonstrated significantly longer gaze latency and shorter overall gaze duration compared to those without CVI.
  • The CVI group exhibited sensory enhancement, responding more to bimodal stimuli than unimodal non-visual stimuli.
  • Longer gaze duration was observed for bimodal visual-auditory stimuli compared to unimodal auditory stimuli in the CVI group.

Conclusions:

  • Bimodal sensory stimulation can enhance visual engagement in children with CP, CVI, and severe IDD.
  • Gaze metrics (frequency, duration, latency) are vital for designing interventions and optimizing sensory environments for this population.
Abstract

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