HIV-Associated facial lipoatrophy: from the advent to current knowledge

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV/AIDS outcomes but introduced new dermatological challenges.
• HIV/AIDS-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome (HALS) is a complex condition linked to antiretroviral drugs, causing fat redistribution.
• Facial lipoatrophy, a key feature of HALS, significantly impacts patient quality of life and carries social stigma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the dermatological challenges posed by HIV/AIDS.
• To discuss HIV/AIDS-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome, particularly facial lipoatrophy.
• To present polymethylmethacrylate as a treatment option for facial lipoatrophy in the Brazilian Public Health System.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on HIV/AIDS, dermatological manifestations, and lipodystrophy.
• Discussion of the etiology and clinical presentation of facial lipoatrophy.
• Evaluation of treatment options, focusing on polymethylmethacrylate implants.

Main Results:

• Antiretroviral therapy, while life-saving, can lead to HALS.
• Facial lipoatrophy is a prominent and stigmatizing sign of HALS.
• Polymethylmethacrylate implants are an available and effective treatment for facial lipoatrophy.

Conclusions:

• Dermatologists must recognize and manage HIV/AIDS-related lipodystrophy.
• Facial lipoatrophy requires specific therapeutic interventions.
• Polymethylmethacrylate offers a valuable treatment for facial lipoatrophy within the Brazilian public healthcare context.