Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Discovery of CTX-439: A Potent and Selective CDK12 Inhibitor as a Prospective Anti-Cancer Drug.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2026

Same author

Anti-PM/Scl antibody-positive myositis with muscle pathology resembling anti-synthetase syndrome.

Modern rheumatology case reports·2026

Same author

Analysis of the Attractive Effect of Aroma Compounds from Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa on the Winged Aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Journal of oleo science·2026

Same author

Zebrafish Xenograft Model for Predicting Cisplatin Efficacy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Cancer science·2025

Same author

Variation and classification of chemically-induced zebrafish malformations for the ICH S5 (R3) guideline: an atlas for zebrafish teratogenesis.

The Journal of toxicological sciences·2025

Same author

Threonine phosphorylation of STAT1 safeguards gut epithelial integrity and restricts interferon-mediated cytotoxicity.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Immunotherapeutic implication of IL-6 blockade.

Toshio Tanaka¹, Tadamitsu Kishimoto

¹Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy & Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

|December 14, 2011

Summary

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) drives inflammation but tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, effectively treats autoimmune diseases. Further research is needed to explore its full therapeutic potential.

More Related Videos

Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice

Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice

Published on: January 31, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice

Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice

Published on: January 31, 2020

Area of Science:

Immunology
Pharmacology
Rheumatology

Background:

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with dual roles in host defense and chronic inflammation.
Sustained IL-6 production is implicated in the pathology of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
Tocilizumab targets the IL-6 receptor, offering a therapeutic strategy against IL-6-mediated diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in approved indications.
To explore the potential of tocilizumab in other autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
To highlight the need for further clinical evaluation of tocilizumab.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical trial data for tocilizumab.
Analysis of case reports and pilot studies.
Assessment of tocilizumab's mechanism of action as an IL-6 receptor antagonist.

Main Results:

Tocilizumab is effective and approved for rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman's disease, and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Evidence suggests potential benefits of tocilizumab in other inflammatory conditions.
The safety and efficacy profile supports its use in specific autoimmune diseases.

Conclusions:

Tocilizumab is a valuable biologic therapy for IL-6-driven autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Expanding its application to other conditions requires rigorous clinical investigation.
Further studies are essential to confirm tocilizumab's efficacy and safety in new disease contexts.