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Updated: May 26, 2026
Ex Vivo Culture of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid from Melanoma Patients to Study Melanoma-Associated Leptomeningeal Disease
Published on: March 29, 2024
Prognostic associations of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in primary uveal melanoma
Rana'a T Al-Jamal1, Tero Kivelä
1Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. ranaa.aljamal@hus.fi
Objective:
To study the association between immunoreactivity for insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in primary ciliary body and choroidal melanoma and metastatic death in a consecutive, population-based data set.
Design:
Retrospective, consecutive, population-based cohort study.
Participants:
A total of 167 patients with choroidal and ciliary body melanoma, enucleated from 1972 to 1981, with long-term survival data.
Methods:
Specimens were immunostained by using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method and polyclonal antibodies to IGF-1R. The percentage of tumour area that was immunopositive was recorded. Survival was assessed by Cox multivariate regression analysis.
Results:
The tumour area could be reliably measured from 129 (78%) of the 167 choroidal or ciliary body melanomas. More heavy pigmentation (p = 0.001), larger number of macrophages (p = 0.003) and higher microvascular density (p = 0.060) were associated with a higher percentage of tumour area that was immunopositive for IGF-1R, the reverse being true of extrascleral extension (p = 0.049). No significant association was observed with ciliary body extension, largest basal tumour diameter, cell type, mean diameter of the 10 largest nucleoli, and presence of extravascular matrix loops and networks (p = 0.61-0.96). The percentage of tumour area that was immunopositive for IGF-1R was not associated with survival.
Conclusions:
In our data set, immunoreactivity for IGF-IR did not independently predict metastasis from primary uveal melanoma. Partial loss of antigenicity can not be ruled out as a confounding factor because no frozen sections were available. Results of previous studies have likewise been variable, suggesting that immunohistochemical determination of IGF-1R from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens is not practical as a routine test.
