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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
11:08

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: October 16, 2014

Measuring genome instability in aging - a mini-review.

Wenge Li1, Jan Vijg

  • 1Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Gerontology
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Somatic mutations accumulate with age due to imperfect DNA processes. Reviewing current methods, this study highlights age-related mutation increases and discusses future sequencing technologies for deeper insights into genome instability and aging.

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Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
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Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model

Published on: September 29, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
11:08

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: October 16, 2014

Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging
09:10

Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging

Published on: January 30, 2026

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
08:46

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model

Published on: September 29, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Evidence suggests age-dependent accumulation of somatic mutations from DNA replication and repair imperfections.
  • Declines in genome maintenance may worsen age-related genome integrity loss.
  • Understanding mutation magnitude, types, and consequences is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for measuring genome instability during aging.
  • To assess genome instability in relation to lifespan across organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and novel concepts.
  • Inclusion of examples from the authors' laboratory research.

Main Results:

  • Cytogenetic and mutation reporter assays show age-related increases in mutation types in animals and humans.
  • These increases in DNA mutations are tissue-specific and vary between species.

Conclusions:

  • Current knowledge of somatic mutation profiles in aging relies on cytogenetics and reporter assays.
  • Emerging technologies like massively parallel sequencing promise deeper insights into genome instability and aging.
  • Future research may clarify the causal link between genome instability and age-related diseases.