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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration01:29

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches
06:51

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches

Published on: September 5, 2025

[Renal physiology].

Victor Gueutin1, Gilbert Deray, Corinne Isnard-Bagnis

  • 1CHU Pitié-Salpétrière, service de néphrologie, Paris, France. victor.gueutin@psl.aphp.fr

Bulletin Du Cancer
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The kidneys filter blood, excreting toxins and regulating body fluid balance, acid-base status, and mineral metabolism. Nephrons modify filtrate to maintain homeostasis.

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Physiology Lab Demonstration: Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Rat
06:58

Physiology Lab Demonstration: Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Rat

Published on: July 26, 2015

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches
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Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches

Published on: September 5, 2025

Physiology Lab Demonstration: Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Rat
06:58

Physiology Lab Demonstration: Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Rat

Published on: July 26, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Physiology
  • Renal Biology

Context:

  • Kidneys maintain homeostasis by regulating fluid balance, electrolytes, and waste excretion.
  • Renal hemodynamics and nephron function are crucial for adapting urine composition.
  • Uremic toxins and systemic body functions are managed by the kidneys.

Purpose:

  • To explain the kidney's role in excretion and regulation.
  • To detail the nephron's function in modifying urine.
  • To highlight the self-regulating mechanisms of renal hemodynamics.

Summary:

  • The kidneys filter plasma at 120 mL/min, excreting uremic toxins and regulating vital body systems.
  • The proximal nephron reabsorbs water and essential solutes like sodium and glucose.
  • The distal nephron fine-tunes urine composition to meet the body's needs, adapting its quality.

Impact:

  • Understanding kidney function is key to managing renal diseases.
  • This highlights the importance of nephron segments in maintaining physiological balance.
  • Provides foundational knowledge for research in renal physiology and medicine.