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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
The Retina01:32

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:21

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 3, 2016

Melanocytes: a window into the nervous system.

Mina Yaar1, Hee-Young Park

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melanocytes, pigment cells from neural crest, share developmental pathways with neurons. This similarity offers potential for studying nervous system diseases and developing new therapies.

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Ex vivo Culture of Mouse Embryonic Skin and Live-imaging of Melanoblast Migration
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Ex vivo Culture of Mouse Embryonic Skin and Live-imaging of Melanoblast Migration

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Ex vivo Culture of Mouse Embryonic Skin and Live-imaging of Melanoblast Migration
08:29

Ex vivo Culture of Mouse Embryonic Skin and Live-imaging of Melanoblast Migration

Published on: May 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells originating from vertebrate embryonic neural crest cells.
  • They share developmental origins and signaling pathways with neurons, indicating a close biological relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the shared developmental pathways and molecular signaling between melanocytes and neurons.
  • To highlight the potential of melanocytes as a model system for neurological disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of developmental origins and signaling pathways.
  • Review of literature on molecular interactions in melanocyte and neuron development.

Main Results:

  • Melanocytes and neurons both derive from neural crest cells.
  • Shared signaling molecules (e.g., Wnt, BMPs, Endothelins) and pathways (e.g., PKC, p53/p73) influence their development and function.
  • Significant molecular and developmental parallels exist between these cell types.

Conclusions:

  • The shared biology between melanocytes and neurons supports their use as a comparative model.
  • Melanocytes offer a promising avenue for understanding and potentially treating nervous system disorders.