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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview

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Antigenicity of key hepatitis C virus E1E2 glycoprotein neutralizing sites is genotype independent.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Neutralizing antibody response to hepatitis C virus.

Yong Wang1, Zhen-Yong Keck, Steven K H Foung

  • 1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. yongw1@stanford.edu

Viruses
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Identifying key immune responses is crucial for developing a hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine. Research highlights the role of neutralizing antibodies targeting the E2 glycoprotein in controlling HCV infection.

Keywords:
Hepatitis C virusepitopeescapeneutralization antibodiesvaccine development

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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Design

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding immune protection mechanisms is vital for rational vaccine development.
  • Neutralizing antibodies and B cell responses show promise in controlling acute HCV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review immunogenic determinants on the E2 glycoprotein involved in viral neutralization.
  • To explore viral escape pathways from immune containment.
  • To identify conserved epitopes for broadly neutralizing antibody induction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing in vitro cell culture models with HCV pseudotype particles and infectious virions.
  • Employing small animal models for studying antibody-mediated virus neutralization.
  • Analyzing recent studies on antibody responses and viral escape mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports a protective role for virus-neutralizing antibodies in HCV.
  • The E2 glycoprotein contains key determinants for neutralization.
  • Broadly neutralizing antibodies, not associated with viral escape, have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Conserved epitopes mediating neutralization without viral escape are key targets.
  • Identification of these epitopes will aid in designing effective HCV vaccine immunogens.
  • Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies is essential for combating HCV's diversity.