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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Food allergy.

Susan Waserman1, Wade Watson

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology : Official Journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food allergy involves immune responses to food proteins, causing diverse symptoms and potentially anaphylaxis. Diagnosis requires history and tests, with management focusing on allergen avoidance and epinephrine for severe reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Food allergy is an adverse immunologic reaction to dietary proteins.
  • Reactions can affect multiple body systems, including skin, GI, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems.
  • It is a significant cause of anaphylaxis, necessitating prompt medical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of food allergy.
  • To cover epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment by an allergist.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis involves detailed patient history and specific tests.
  • Diagnostic methods include skin prick testing and serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) testing.
  • Oral food challenges may be used when indicated.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed diagnosis leads to strict dietary elimination of the allergen.
  • Epinephrine injection is the primary treatment for severe systemic symptoms.
  • While some childhood allergies are outgrown, others like peanut and shellfish allergies are often persistent.

Conclusions:

  • Food allergy management requires accurate diagnosis and allergen avoidance.
  • Prompt treatment with epinephrine is crucial for anaphylaxis.
  • Understanding the lifelong nature of certain food allergies is vital for patient care.