Blood enzymes and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a cross sectional study

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Nephrology
• Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
• Oxidative stress, driven by oxygen-derived radicals, accelerates atherosclerosis.
• Hemodialysis patients often exhibit impaired antioxidant activity, leading to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in patients with chronic kidney disease.
• To compare oxidative stress markers across different stages of renal impairment and dialysis modalities.
• To assess the relationship between declining renal function and oxidative balance.

Main Methods:

• Studied 89 CKD subjects with varying renal impairment, including those on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD), alongside healthy controls.
• Measured serum F2-isoprostanes and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as oxidative stress markers.
• Assessed paraoxonase and glutathione peroxidase as antioxidant activity markers, along with selenium levels.

Main Results:

• Hemodialysis patients showed significantly higher oxidative stress compared to controls.
• Renal insufficiency and PD groups exhibited increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant capacity.
• No significant differences in selenium or oxidized LDL were found between hemodialysis and control groups.

Conclusions:

• Declining renal function is associated with elevated oxidative stress.
• Reduced antioxidant activity correlates with impaired kidney function.
• These findings highlight the role of oxidative imbalance in CKD progression and cardiovascular risk.