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Wetting behavior of dental implants.

Frank Rupp1, Lutz Scheideler, Mirjam Eichler

  • 1University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Prosthodontics, Section Medical Materials and Technology, Germany. frank.rupp@med.uni-tuebingen.de

The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants
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Dental implant hydrophilicity varies significantly, impacting osseointegration. Tensiometry revealed a wide range of wettability, from superhydrophilic to hydrophobic, influenced by surface topography and manufacturing.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrophilicity is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing dental implant osseointegration.
  • Understanding the surface properties of dental implants is crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the dynamic wetting behavior of marketed dental titanium implants using tensiometry.
  • To investigate the relationship between implant surface topography and wettability.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated nine screw-type implant systems from eight manufacturers.
  • Performed dynamic water contact angle analysis using tensiometric multiloop Wilhelmy experiments.
  • Quantified wettability via first advancing contact angles and static contact angles; characterized surfaces with SEM.

Main Results:

  • SEM revealed diverse surface morphologies across different manufacturing processes.
  • First advancing mean contact angles varied significantly, from 0° (SLActive) to 138° (OsseoSpeed).
  • Kinetic hysteresis caused initially hydrophobic implants to become hydrophilic over successive immersion loops.

Conclusions:

  • Tensiometry effectively compared the wettability of dental implant surfaces.
  • A broad spectrum of wettability, from superhydrophilic to hydrophobic, was observed.
  • Surface properties significantly influence implant wettability, with implications for osseointegration.