Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Uncovering movement synergies during reaching and grasping of common objects for the upper limb.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A wireless subdural-contained brain-computer interface with 65,536 electrodes and 1,024 channels.

Nature electronics·2026
Same author

Correction of connectivity induced by autocorrelation and filtering in resting state functional near-infrared spectroscopy data.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2026
Same author

Microscale organization and separability of upper extremity representations in the human motor homunculus.

Research square·2026
Same author

Thalamus: a real-time system for synchronized, closed-loop multimodal behavioral and electrophysiological data capture.

Communications engineering·2026
Same author

Mapping intraoperative interictal epileptiform discharges using high-resolution, thin-film cortical arrays.

Epilepsia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Optimizing the decoding of movement goals from local field potentials in macaque cortex.

David A Markowitz1, Yan T Wong, Charles M Gray

  • 1Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|December 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Brain signal decoding for motor neuroprosthetics is crucial. This study reveals that superficial cortical recordings, within 0.5 mm, yield the best performance for decoding movement goals.

More Related Videos

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroprosthetics

Background:

  • Motor neuroprosthetic development requires accurate brain signal decoding.
  • Current research in non-human primates is limited by technical constraints.
  • Understanding movement-related neural activity across cortical layers is essential but poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the encoding of movement goals depends on cortical depth.
  • To examine the impact of recording depth on brain-computer interface performance.
  • To optimize neuroprosthetic signal decoding by understanding cortical layer contributions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized chronically implanted, individually movable multielectrode arrays in two monkeys.
  • Recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and multiunit spiking activity across depths up to 3 mm in the prearcuate gyrus.
  • Performed memory-guided eye movements while varying electrode depth and analyzing decoding performance.

Main Results:

  • Highest decoding performance for eye movement goals was achieved at superficial cortical sites (within 0.5 mm).
  • Decoding performance significantly degraded at depths greater than 1 mm.
  • LFP-based neuroprosthetic performance is highly dependent on recording configuration, especially depth.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical recording depth is a critical parameter limiting the performance of motor neuroprosthetic systems.
  • Optimizing electrode placement in superficial cortical layers can enhance brain signal decoding.
  • Future neuroprosthetic designs should prioritize superficial recording sites for improved functionality.