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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Autism attenuates sex differences in brain structure: a combined voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging

F D Beacher1, L Minati, S Baron-Cohen

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|December 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrums condition (AS) neuroanatomy shows attenuated sex differences in white matter volume and white matter tract integrity. These findings suggest sex-specific brain differentiation plays a key role in autism etiology.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
09:33

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: July 28, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autism Research
  • Brain Anatomy

Background:

  • Autism spectrums condition (AS) has been hypothesized to represent an extreme male brain (EMB).
  • Limited neuroanatomical data exist to support the EMB hypothesis in AS.
  • This study investigates sex-related neuroanatomical differences in adults with AS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine sex-related neuroanatomical features in adults with autism spectrums condition (AS).
  • To evaluate the extreme male brain (EMB) hypothesis using neuroimaging.
  • To understand the role of sex-specific brain differentiation in autism etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited males and females with AS and healthy controls.
  • Utilized structural MRI to measure gray and white matter volumes.
  • Employed Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to assess white matter tract integrity.

Main Results:

  • Found significant interactions between sex and diagnosis in total white matter volume.
  • Observed alterations in regional gray matter volume (right parietal operculum) and white matter tract integrity (CC, cingulum, CR).
  • The typical male advantage in white matter volume and FA was absent or reduced in individuals with AS.

Conclusions:

  • Results highlight the importance of factors underlying sex-specific brain differentiation in autism.
  • Suggests neuroanatomical sex differences are implicated in the etiology of autism spectrums condition.