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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
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Non-contrast enhanced MR angiography: established techniques.

Mitsue Miyazaki1, Masaaki Akahane

  • 1Toshiba Medical Research Institute USA, Vernon Hills, Illinois 60061, USA. mmiyazaki@tmriusa.com

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|December 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Non-contrast MR angiography (NC-MRA) techniques are gaining interest due to safety concerns with contrast agents. Established and emerging NC-MRA methods offer viable alternatives for clinical applications like peripheral and renal imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular Imaging

Background:

  • Non-contrast MR angiography (NC-MRA) techniques are experiencing a resurgence in clinical interest.
  • This revival is partly driven by safety concerns surrounding gadolinium-based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).
  • Traditional NC-MRA methods include time-of-flight (TOF) and phase contrast (PC) angiography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and emerging non-contrast MR angiography techniques.
  • To highlight advancements in NC-MRA for peripheral run-off and renal applications.
  • To discuss future developments in whole-body NC-MRA and 3 Tesla imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of ECG-gated partial Fourier fast spin echo (FSE) and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) techniques.
  • Inclusion of arterial spin labeling (ASL) with bSSFP.
  • Focus on clinical applications in peripheral and renal arteries.

Main Results:

  • Established NC-MRA techniques like FSE and bSSFP are viable clinical options.
  • These methods provide effective alternatives to contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA).
  • Significant advancements have been made in peripheral and renal NC-MRA.

Conclusions:

  • NC-MRA techniques, including FSE and bSSFP, are increasingly important alternatives to CE-MRA.
  • Peripheral and renal NC-MRA have seen remarkable advancements, becoming clinically viable.
  • Future research will likely focus on whole-body applications and 3 Tesla imaging improvements.